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Algorithms
[ Running time in plain english ]
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/487258/plain-english-explanation-of-big-o
Some important algorithms for scientific purpuses
01. Metropolis Algorithm for Monte Carlo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis%E2%80%93Hastings_alg…
02. Simplex Method for Linear Programming: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplex_algorithm
03. Krylov Subspace Iteration Methods: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krylov_subspace
04. The Decompositional Approach to Matrix Computations: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=615766
05. The Fortran Optimizing Compiler : http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/fortran/ch1-1.html (just the starting page)
06. QR Algorithm for Computing Eigenvalues : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_algorithm
07. Quicksort Algorithm for Sorting : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort
08. Fast Fourier Transform : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform
09. Integer Relation Detection : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_relation_algorithm
10. Fast Multipole Method : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_multipole_method
[ SIAM put out a 'ten algorithms of the century' ]
https://www.siam.org/pdf/news/637.pdf
[ Algorithms in Linux kernel and CHromo web browser ]
http://cstheory.stackexchange.com/questions/19759/core-algorithms-deployed/19773#19773
[ Simple algorithms for students to implement as assignments ]
http://en.docsity.com/news/interesting-facts/great-algorithms-revolutionized-computing/
[ Algorithms in JS ]
https://github.com/nzakas/computer-science-in-javascript/